C Language | Operators | Start Your Journey with C | Part 3

1. Arithmetic operators :

These are used to perform some arithmetic or mathematical operations on operands.

The following table shows all the basic arithmetic or mathematical operators used in c programming :

Operator	Description
+	adds two operands
-	subtract second operands from first
*	multiply two operand
/	divide numerator by denominator
%	remainder of division
++	Increment operator - increases integer value by one

Here is a basic C program to understand how this operators works :

#include<stdio.h>

int main() 
{ 
    int a = 5, b = 4, result; 
    
    printf("a is %d and b is %d\n", a, b);
 
    result = a + b; // addition 
    printf("a+b is %d\n", result); 

    result = a - b;         // subtraction 
    printf("a-b is %d\n", result); 

    result = a * b;      // multiplication 
    printf("a*b is %d\n", result); 

    result = a / b;         // division 
    printf("a/b is %d\n", result); 

    result = a % b;         // modulus 
    printf("a%b is %d\n", result); 

    
    return 0; 
}  

2.  Assignment operators :

Assignment operators are used to assign a value to a variable. It follows a simple syntax, in the left-side of the assignment operator, a variable is placed and in the right-side of the assignment operator, a value is placed which will be stored in the left-side variable.

Both the value and the variable must of same data-type, else it will cause an error.

These are all assignment operators supported by C language :

Operator	Description	Example
=	assigns values from right side operands to left side operand	a=b
+=	adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left	a+=b is same as a=a+b
-=	subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand	a-=b is same as a=a-b
*=	multiply left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand	a*=b is same as a=a*b
/=	divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand	a/=b is same as a=a/b
%=	calculate modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand	a%=b is same as a=a%b

3. Increment and Decrement operators :

• Increment operators :

The ‘++’ operator is used to increment the value of an integer. When placed before a variable (pre-increment), its value is incremented instantly. For example, ++x.

And when it is placed after a variable (post-increment), its value is temporarily stored until the execution of this statement and it gets updated before the execution of the next statement. For example, x++.

• Decrement operators :

The ‘ – – ‘ operator is used to decrement the value of an integer. When placed before a variable (pre-decrement), its value is decremented instantly. For example, – – x.

And when it is placed after a variable (post-decrement), its value is stored temporarily until the execution of this statement and it gets updated before the execution of the next statement. For example, x – –.

Here is a basic C program to understand how this operators works :

#include<stdio.h>

int main() 
{ 
    int a = 5, b = 4, result; 
     
    result = a++;   // post-increment
    printf("a is %d and result is %d\n", a, result); 

    result = ++a;    // pre-increment
    printf("a is %d and result is %d\n", a, result);

    result = a--;    // post-decrement
    printf("a is %d and result is %d\n", a, result);

    result = --a;// pre-decrement
    printf("a is %d and result is %d\n", a, result);
    
    return 0; 
}  

4. Relational operators :

Operator	Type
<	less. than
<=	less than or equal to
= =	equal to
! =	Not equal to
>	Greater than
>=	Greater than or equal to

      Basic syntax with example :

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int a,b;
printf ("Enter values for a and b\n") ;
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b) ;
if(a<b)
    printf ("%d is less than %d\n", a, b) ;
if(a<=b)
    printf ("%d is less than or equal to %d\n", a,b) ;
if(a==b)
    printf("%d is equal to %d\n", a,b);
if(a!=b)
    printf("%d is not equal to %d\n", a,b);
if(a>b)
    printf("%d is greater than %d\n", a,b);
if (a>=b)
    printf("%d is greater than or equal to %d\n",a,b);
}

/* in case (a=5) , these type of operator call assignment function.

5. Logical operators :

Logical operators are used to combine two or more conditions and returns either True or False ( 0 or 1 ). There are three logical operators, they are as follows :

• AND (&&) Operator :

The '&&' operator returns True or 1 only when both two or more then two conditions combined together get satisfied, else it returns False or 0 . 

• OR ( || ) Operator :

The ' || ' operator returns True or 1 when at least one of the all conditions get satisfied, and return False or 0 only when all the conditions combined does not get satisfied.

• NOT ( ! ) Operator :

The ' ! ' operator returns True or 1 when a condition does not get satisfied and return False or 0 when the condition get satisfied.

Here is a C program to understand how these logical operators works :

#include<stdio.h>
  
int main() 
{ 
    int a=5, b=2, c = 5, d = 10; 

  
                      // logical AND example 
    if (a>b && c==d) 
        printf("a is greater than b AND c is equal to d\n"); 
    else 
        printf("AND condition not satisfied\n"); 
  
     
                 // logical AND example 
    if (a>b || c==d) 
        printf("a is greater than b OR c is equal to d\n"); 
    else 
        printf("Neither a is greater than b nor c is equal to d\n"); 
  
                  
                   // logical NOT example 
    if (!a) 
        printf("a is zero\n"); 
    else 
        printf("a is not zero"); 
  
    return 0; 
} 

6. Conditional operator :

Concept :

(Condition) ? True expression : False expression

Here, when the condition gets satisfied True expression is executed and when it does not get satisfied, the False expression is executed.

Basic Syntax:

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
     int a=6, b=5, c=0;
     ( c = a > b ? a : b );
     printf("%d", c);
}

7. Comma (,)  operator :

Comma operator as a separator :

int a,b,c;

Comma operator in scanf and printf :

scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);

printf("%d%d%d",a,b,c);

8. sizeof operator :

Sizeof is an unary operator. This operator gives the size of its operand in terms of bytes. The operator can be a variable or constant of any data-type (int, float, char etc)

#include<stdio.h>
main( )
{
int var;
printf("Size of int %d" ,sizeof(int) ) ;
printf("Size of float %d",sizeof(float));
printf("size of var = %d" , sizeof (var)) ;
printf("Size of an integer constant = %d",sizeof(45));
}

Size of int = 2
Size of float = 4
Size of var = 2
Size of an integer constant = 2

9. Bitwise operators:

C language has the ability to support the manipulation of data at the bit level. Bitwise operators are used for operations on individual bits. Bitwise operators operate on integers only.

Bitwise operators
&	bitwise AND
|	bitwise OR
~	one's -complement
<<	left shift
>>	right shift
^	bitwise XOR

Start your Journey with C | Part-2

Start your Journey with C | part-1